Handwritten Notes
Semester 4
BP 405 T.PHARMACOGNOSY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY I (Theory)
UNIT-I
Introduction to Pharmacognosy:
(a) Definition, history, scope, and development of Pharmacognosy
(b) Sources of Drugs – Plants, Animals, Marine & Tissue culture
(c) Organized drugs, unorganized drugs (dried latex, dried juices, dried extracts, gums and
mucilages, oleoresins, and oleo- gum -resins).
Classification of drugs:
Alphabetical, morphological, taxonomical, chemical, pharmacological, chemo, and sero taxonomical classification of drugs
Quality control of Drugs of Natural Origin:
Adulteration of drugs of natural origin. Evaluation by organoleptic, microscopic, physical,
chemical, and biological methods and properties.
Quantitative microscopy of crude drugs including lycopodium spore method, leaf constants, camera lucida, and diagrams of microscopic objects to scale with camera lucida.
UNIT-II
Cultivation, Collection, Processing, and storage of drugs of natural origin:
Cultivation and Collection of drugs of natural origin
Factors influencing cultivation of medicinal plants. Plant hormones and their applications. Polyploidy, mutation, and hybridization with reference to medicinal plants
Conservation of medicinal plants
UNIT-III
Plant tissue culture:
Historical development of plant tissue culture, types of cultures, nutritional requirements, growth, and their maintenance. Applications of plant tissue culture in pharmacognosy. Edible vaccines
UNIT-IV
Pharmacognosy in various systems of medicine:
Role of Pharmacognosy in allopathy and traditional systems of medicine namely, Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, and Chinese systems of medicine.
Introduction to secondary metabolites:
Definition, classification, properties, and test for identification of Alkaloids, Glycosides,
Flavonoids, Tannins, Volatile oil and Resins
UNIT V
Study of biological source, chemical nature, and uses of drugs of natural origin containing the following drugs
Plant Products:
Fibers - Cotton, Jute, Hemp
Hallucinogens, Teratogens, Natural allergens
Primary metabolites:
General introduction, detailed study with respect to chemistry, sources, preparation,
evaluation, preservation, storage, therapeutic use, and commercial utility as a Pharmaceutical
Aids and/or Medicines for the following Primary metabolites:
Carbohydrates: Acacia, Agar, Tragacanth, Honey
Proteins and Enzymes: Gelatin, casein, proteolytic enzymes (Papain, bromelain,
serratiopeptidase, urokinase, streptokinase, and pepsin).
Lipids(Waxes, fats, fixed oils): Castor oil, Chaulmoogra oil, Wool Fat, Bees Wax
Marine Drugs:
Novel medicinal agents from marine sources
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