Handwritten Notes
Semester 3
BP 304 T. PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING (Theory)
UNIT-I
• Flow of fluids: Types of manometers, Reynolds number, and its significance, Bernoulli's theorem and its applications, Energy losses, Orifice meter, Venturimeter, Pitot tube, and Rotometer.
• Size Reduction: Objectives, Mechanisms & Laws governing size reduction,
factors affecting size reduction, principles, construction, working, uses, merits, and demerits of Hammer mill, ball mill, fluid energy mill, Edge runner mill & end runner mill.
• Size Separation: Objectives, applications & mechanism of size separation,
official standards of powders, sieves, size separation Principles, construction,
working, uses, merits, and demerits of Sieve shaker, cyclone separator, Air separator, Bag filter & elutriation tank.
UNIT-II
• Heat Transfer: Objectives, applications & Heat transfer mechanisms. Fourier's law,
Heat transfer by conduction, convection & radiation. Heat interchangers & heat exchangers.
• Evaporation: Objectives, applications, and factors influencing evaporation,
differences between evaporation and other heat processes. principles, construction, working,
uses, merits, and demerits of Steam jacketed kettle, horizontal tube evaporator,
climbing film evaporator, forced circulation evaporator, multiple-effect evaporator&
The economy of the multiple-effect evaporator.
• Distillation: Basic Principles and methodology of simple distillation, flash
distillation, fractional distillation, distillation under reduced pressure, steam distillation & molecular distillation
UNIT- III
• Drying: Objectives, applications & mechanism of the drying process, measurements &
applications of Equilibrium Moisture content, rate of drying curve. principles, construction, working, uses, merits, and demerits of Tray dryer, drum dryer spray dryer, fluidized bed dryer, vacuum dryer, and freeze dryer.
• Mixing: Objectives, applications & factors affecting mixing, Difference between solid
and liquid mixing, mechanism of solid mixing, liquids mixing, and semisolids
mixing. Principles, Construction, Working, uses, Merits, and Demerits of Double Cone
blender, twin shell blender, ribbon blender, Sigma blade mixer, planetary mixers,
Propellers, Turbines, Paddles & Silverson Emulsifier,
UNIT-IV
• Filtration: Objectives, applications, Theories & Factors influencing filtration, filter aids, filter media. Principle, Construction, Working, Uses, Merits, and demerits of plate & frame filter, filter leaf, rotary drum filter, Meta filter & Cartridge filter, membrane filters, and Seidtz filter.
• Centrifugation: Objectives, principles & applications of Centrifugation, principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Perforated basket centrifuge, Non-perforated basket centrifuge, semi-continuous centrifuge & super centrifuge.
UNIT- V
• Materials of pharmaceutical plant construction, Corrosion, and its prevention: Factors affecting materials selected for Pharmaceutical plant construction, Theories of corrosion, types of corrosion, and their prevention. Ferrous and nonferrous metals, inorganic and organic non-metals, and basic material handling systems.
Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)
1. Introduction to chemical engineering— Walter L Badger & Julius Banchero, Latest edition.
2. Solid-phase extraction, Principles, techniques, and applications by Nigel J.K. Simpson- Latest edition.
3. Unit operation of chemical engineering— McCabe Smith, Latest edition.
4 Pharmaceutical engineering principles and practices C.V.S Subrahmanyam et al., Latest edition.
5. Remington practice of pharmacy- Martin, Latest edition.
6. Theory and practice of industrial pharmacy by Lachmann., Latest edition.
7. Physical pharmaceutics- C.V.S Subrahmanyam et al., Latest edition.
8. Cooper and Gunn's Tutorial Pharmacy, S.J. Carter, Latest edition.
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